Financial Planning And The Business Planning Process

Introduction Planning is a significant and necessary step for all businesses (Topfer, 2011), but its importance is magnified for entrepreneurs starting a new business. They must determine if they have a viable product/service that a business can be structured around, create a projection on how the business will potentially perform financially, required sales levels to turn a profit, etc. Without the proper planning and analysis, entrepreneurs are setting themselves, and their business, up for failure. There are many tools available to entrepreneurs to help determine if their proposed business will provide a needed product or service and if the business to offer and manage those products and services will be successful. One of these tools is that of a feasibility analysis. This paper will discuss exactly what this analysis is and the benefits it provides to the entrepreneur. Financial planning is another step successful entrepreneurs will utilize in the business planning process. A m ore in-depth process than that in the feasibility analysis, this process involves making calculating projections of the business venture’s financial performance. This paper will further identify why the financial planning process is imperative to an entrepreneur’s business planning. One component of financial planning for new businesses is determining the level of sales they will earn. It is important that organizations research and forecast these levels, as this revenue is what will help driveShow MoreRelatedManagerial Accounting1152 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Accounting is a crucial part in running a business. There are various forms of accounting that can be used, it is very important to know which technique is best to use for what companies. Once you figure out a particular technique to use, it is important to keep an open mind if there are any changes that need to take place in the business. 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What is Madness Free Essays

Introduction Madness and lunacy are both words that have been loosely used throughout history. Although modern research allows us to discover and treat madness and lunacy more accurately this was not always the case. It is interesting to look at what people actually mean when they use the term madness and what people used to do about it. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Madness? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals specialise in short term temporary or permanent care of patients who require assistance, treatment or a controlled environment. Patients are often voluntary admitted however involuntary admittance can be given if they pose a threat to themselves. There are a number of different types of modern psychiatric hospital which include: Crisis stabilization – dealing with suicidal, violent patients. In effect it is an emergency room for critical individuals Open units – these are designed to make life as normal as possible. They are also designed to adapt the individual ready for discharge. Juvenile wards – these are set aside for children with mental problems. Long term care facilities – Modern buildings, modern security and being locally sited to help with reintegration into society once medication has stabilized the condition. Halfway houses – these are designed for people with long term illnesses who need assistance for an extended period of time. When lunacy was first discovered the symptoms where not definite. Because of this doctors could make up the symptoms to ‘create’ more patients. This way they could make more money when business was slow. This is known as hegemony (controlling a market) There were many differences in the 16th– 17th centuries and the 18th– 19th centuries as science increased. Some of these differences are listed below: 16th – 17th centuries Lunatics where left to their own devices Very few institutions and treatments for lunacy Lunatics where controlled by a full moon. They were also not part of society and was classed as the ‘otherness’. 18th – 19th centuries There is a Distinction between ‘mad’ and other Asylums increased greatly Specialised province of medicine and treatments. As more people became aware of lunacy more and more people began to admit themselves as the symptoms where very vague. In 1807 there were 2000 recorded lunatics however in 1844 this had rose to 20000 and in 1890 this had grown to a massive 86000. Many mental hospitals have been opened to try and ‘contain’ and ‘treat’ lunatics, one of which was Wittingham hospital. This hospital has many accounts of patients being mistreated and abused. These included: Patients left untreated; Patients given only bread and jam, regardless of menu; given a spoon only regardless of diet; food mixed up and served as â€Å"slops†; Patients restricted in fluids during and after meals; put to bed in only vests; left queuing on the stairs waiting for a bath; certain patients locked in rooms under the stairs; Patients put out and locked out in the airing courts, regardless of weather conditions; certain patients locked in the washrooms. The worst kind of complaints made where that people had witnessed patients being dragged by their hair. Also on one of the male wards, the main allegation was that there were incidents of the â€Å"wet towel treatment†; this involved twisting a wet towel or bed sheet round a patient’s neck until the patient lost consciousness. Finally on another male ward, it was alleged that two male nurses had poured methylated spirits into the slippers of one patient and into the dressing gown pocket of another, and set them alight. Although all these complaints were denied it does question the belief that this ‘hospital’ was actually helping patients. The colonial American society referred to those suffering from mental illnesses as ‘lunatics’ which came from the word lunar which means moon. The reason behind this that it was believed that insanity was caused by a full moon. They also believed that lunatics were possessed by the devil and where usually removed from society. The main treatments they used were submerging patients in ice baths until they list consciousness or executing a massive shock to the brain. They also used means to expel the devil from the patient which included inducing vomiting and the notorious â€Å"bleeding† practice. The bleeding practice entailed draining the bad blood from the individual, Unfortunately this inhumane practice normally resulted in death. Around the 19th century, Europeans introduced a new approach to the treatment of the mentally ill known as â€Å"Moral Management.† This approach was based on the belief that the environment played a vital role in the treatment of the mentally ill. Creating a more domestic feel, beds and decorations replaced chains and cement cells. It was thought that recovery would more likely occur if conditions and surroundings resembled the comfort of home. Phrenology was introduced, studying the shape of the brain to explain illnesses. Animal magnetism was another popular practice, concentrating on the benefits of hypnosis and relaxation. Problems surfaced, however, with patients becoming unruly due to lack of restraints, and concern arose with how patients were to occupy their time. To combat these concerns, work programs and recreational activities were devised for patients in asylums, significantly moving to bridge the gap between society and the hospital. A crucial point in the history of the mental illness was the Civil War. After the Civil War in America a great number of servicemen suffered from postwar trauma. These inflicted persons were passed on to state mental hospitals and asylums, where the public displayed much interest in their care and treatment. Although, the public eye watched very closely how their ‘war boys’ were treated, institutions had no choice but to reinstate old procedures due to the serious issue of overcrowding. Restraints and shock therapy were reintroduced, along with new drug treatments such as opium. Along with the rising need to find placement for those suffering from mental illnesses, asylums began opening all over the country. Thomas Story Kirkbride was a designer of asylums at the time, and became well known for his popular architectural ideas. His designs and landscaping meant that the patients took part in tasks both indoors and out to benefit their living situation, much like that of a family. In accordance with European ideals at the time, patients at the Athens Asylum also engaged in recreational activities such as dancing, picnics, boating and church. All up and coming communities housed large and attractive asylums The reputation of these institutions was significantly impressive leading parents and friends of patients to have increasing confidence in their patient’s care. With the increasing credibility of these institutions, the populations skyrocketed. It was common for homeless people, tramps and hobos to become ‘patients’ of the asylums seasonally for shelter and food, and then slip away when the good weather returned. Families would often submit their elderly relatives to asylums because they lacked the resources or time to deal with them appropriately. The problem with overcrowding developed because the institutions had no established criteria for accepting or rejecting patients into their care. Rapid growth in populations caused patient care to suffer. In the Athens Asylum the patient population jumped from 200 to nearly 1800, with an insignificant alteration in staffing. The community found that these institutions were an easy means to remove unwanted people from society. There was no effort to provide any other programs or support, because the state was paying for the asylum. The severe overcrowding led to a sharp decline in patient care and once again, the revival of old procedures and medical treatments. Restraints returned. Instead of sleeping in single rooms as the Kirkbride Plan had designed, patients were sleeping in wooden cribs stacked three patients high. Ice water baths were once again used, along with shock machines and electro convulsive therapy. The lobotomy was a medical procedure where the neural passages from the front of the brain are surgically separated from those in the back of the brain. The common result of this procedure was the patient forgetting their depressing or discouraging feelings or tendencies. This was a very delicate, time-consuming procedure that required great skill and training from the practicing surgeons. Because the lobotomy appeared to effectively alter the mental health of patients, great effort was invested into developing a more practical procedure with similar desired results. Walter J. Freeman developed the transorbital lobotomy. This new medical procedure could be performed quickly and required limited aftercare for the patient. Because this new form of lobotomy could be performed so quickly and easily, the transorbital craze swept the nation’s asylums. Freeman himself performed over 3,000 lobotomies and was labelled the travelling lobotomist. Transorbital lobotomies were performed on hundreds of Athens Asylum patients in the early 1950s. In conclusion, madness, or lunacy, used to be a way of segregating people from society. As science progressed so did the asylums and patients began to decline as treatments also progressed. Mental hospitals throughout history have been vial and inhumane however, without the scientific evidence to back up the fact that their methods didn’t work they could have been committing these ‘treatments’ with the best intentions. Modern day hospitals are extremely high tech and efficient. The patients are looked after a lot better than ever and treatments are constantly improving. In summary, madness is not an illness that cannot be tolerated any more as modern treatments and care means that someone with lunacy can have a normal life as everyone else does. References: http://www.toddlertime.com/advocacy/hospitals/Asylum/history-asylum.htm accessed 22/04/2011 http://psychiatric-hospital.co.tv/ accessed 22/04/2011 http://www.whittinghamhospital.co.uk/ accessed 22/04/2011 How to cite What is Madness?, Essay examples

What would we do without cell ... free essay sample

What would we do without cell phones? Have you ever left your phone at home and noticed just how much you needed it throughout the day? Advancements in technology have grown exponentially in the past ten years, from Blackberrys and Nokias to iPhones that can do pretty much anything you could imagine. The first cell phone was invented in 1973, and it took twenty-two years to invent text messaging. Nowadays, texting is one of the most popular means of communication, on par with phone calls. Although text messages and phone calls can achieve the same function of communication, both have their advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of texting are XYZ but the downsides are ABC. Calling has the advantages of DEF, but it could also be problematic because of GHI. Texting can be fast, simple, and get a reply faster, recorded for later use, can be used as a notepad, and keeps conversations private. We will write a custom essay sample on What would we do without cell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Calling makes conversations and interactions feel more personal and professional, safer to use while in a car, and more realistic and emotional. There are several main advantages of texting over calling. The first advantage over calling is that when texting someone, you will get an immediate response a search was done by____ and they found that 90 percent of text messages get read within 3 minutes of delivery, while when you call someone, the other person might not be able to answer due to inconvenience, or more often they will avoid answering on purpose. The second main advantage of texting over calling, is that all your texts are recorded and are easy to find while you would have to write down what the phone call is about and risk losing what you have written down. There are services that can record the call, it may be hard to find a certain part of the phone call. Another advantage of texting, is that if you are in a situation where you dont have access to a pen or paper, you co uld simple text yourself the information so you could access the information at a later time. The third reason that texting is better than calling is when you are in a situation when having a phone conversation is not possible, or appropriate like on the bus or train. Although texting has its advantages, there are several disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that that language of texting has reached a point to when almost everything is abbreviated. Messages are becoming so condenses that the full meaning of the message isnt clear to the receiver. The second disadvantage of texting is the lack of tone and emotion that comes with it. An example of this would be when a friend of mine asked if I could hang out with him, I responded saying that I couldnt and that I was busy. He thought that I said I couldnt and I was busy in a angry tone when I meant it in a calm tone. The last disadvantage of texting is that it isnt in real time like calling someone or talking in real life. When texting, it might take hours for someone to reply while when calling you will get a response immediately. Although texting might have its perks, calling does have some advantages over texting. The first advantage being, it is more professional and personal. I would never make a business deal, or a job interview over text. The second advantage of calling is that conversation is more full. With texting, messages are condensed and can cause misunderstanding. while with calling, sentences are not condensed and can better explain what the person is saying. The third advantage of calling is the ability to add emotion to your speech. UCLA professor Albert Mehrabian found that 58 percent of communication is through body language, 35 percent through vocal tone, pitch, and emphasis, and a mere 7 percent through content of the message. You cant infer what the person on the other side of the phone is saying with only the 7 percent you are receiving. You cant take an important test with only 7 percent of your brain power. Despite the fact that there are many advantages of calling, there are also many disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that there are certain situations where it is inappropriate to call someone such as when they are in the middle of a meeting or in class. The second disadvantage is that when you want to communicate a simple message across but you dont have time to have a long conversation its hard to do that. The third disadvantage is that people may intentionally not answer the phone call which will make it hard to have a conversation.

Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods Essay Example

Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods Essay Example Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods Paper Quantitative Analysis by Spectrophotometric Methods Paper Abstract In this experiment, the absorbance of KMnO4 was measured by spectrophotometric method to determine the molar concentration and the molar extinction coefficient of KMnO4. In part 1, in order to determine the maximum absorbance wavelength of KMnO4, we measured the absorbance of the sample solution which contains KMnO4 at the wavelengths between 330nm and 660nm, and plotted the ? and A points; the ? max was 530nm. In part 2, the effect of concentration on the absorbance was examined. We prepared five differently concentrated (but, same path length) solutions, and measured the absorbance of them at the ? ax(530nm) discovered in part 1; According to the results, higher concentrated solution had higher absorbance value. The extinction coefficient(? ) could be calculated from the results determined in part 2 and Beer’s Law; ? = 1. 7 x 103. In part 3, the absorbance of the KMnO4 solution of unknown concentration was measured, and using Beer’s law and dilution equation, the initial concentration of the unknown was determined; The concentration of the solution (unknown # : 15) was calculated to be 3. 3 x 10-3M. Introduction Our eyes are sensitive to light which lies in a very small region of the electromagnetic spectrum labeled visible light. This visible light corresponds to a wavelength range of 400 700 nanometers (nm) and a color range of violet through red. The human eye is not capable of seeing radiation with wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. The visible colors from shortest to longest wavelength are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. Ultraviolet radiation has a shorter wavelength than the visible violet light. Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible red light. The white light is a mixture of the colors of the visible spectrum. Black is a total absence of light. Figure 5. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum. Although visible light acts as a wave in some respects, it also displays properties characteristic of particles. The particle-like properties of visible light are exhibited through small, energy-bearing entities known as photons. The energy of a photon is: E photon = hc / ? (1) where h = Plancks constant, 6. 626 x 10-34 J/s, c = speed of light, 3. 00 x 108 m/s, and ? = wavelength of light. Light is energy, and when energy is absorbed by a chemical it results in a change in energy levels of the chemical. Molecules normally exist in discrete energy levels. Vibrational energy levels exist because molecular bonds vibrate at specific frequencies. Electronic energy levels exist because electrons in molecules can be excited to discrete, higher energy orbitals. The energy (E) of light depends on its wavelength. Longer wavelengths (infrared) have less energy than shorter wavelengths (ultraviolet). A molecule will absorb energy (light) when the energy (or wavelength) exactly matches the energy difference between the two energy states of the molecule. In absorption, light - sunlight which is white light - strikes an object and part of the light may be absorbed by the object. The light we see coming from that object is the light which was not absorbed by the object. We see the not-absorbed light as the color of the object. If no light is absorbed, the object appears to be colorless. A spectrophotometer is employed to measure the amount of light that a sample absorbs. The instrument operates by passing a beam of light through a sample and measuring the intensity of light reaching a detector. The beam of light consists of a stream of photons. When a photon encounters a molecule, there is a chance the molecule will absorb the photon. This absorption reduces the number of photons in the beam of light, thereby reducing the intensity of the light beam. The ratio of transmitted light intensity(I) to the incident light intensity(I0) is the transmittance, T: T = I / I0 (2) The amount of light a sample absorbs is affected by its concentration. If there are samples of same substances but different concentrations, the amount of the absorbed light will be different. In higher concentrated solution, more absorbing molecules are present in the path of the light, and the chance the light strikes the molecules will increase. So, more light will be absorbed by the sample; less light will be transmitted. In contrast, in lower concentrated solution, less light will be absorbed, and more light will be transmitted. The concentration is represented by the symbol C and is typically measured in mole/L. Another factor that affects the amount of light a sample absorbs is the path length which is the length of sample that the light passes through. The path length is represented by the symbol l and is typically measured in centimeters. When the light travels through longer distance, it will strike more absorbing molecules, so more light will be absorbed, and less light will be transmitted. The relationship of two factors (path length concentration) can be combined to yield a general equation called Beers Law. log10T = A = ? lC (3) The quantity ? is the molar absorptivity; in older literature it is sometimes called the molar extinction coefficient. It is the measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength; a larger extinction coefficient means that substance absorbs more light. The units of ? are usually in M-1cm-1 or L mol-1cm-1. A is the absorbance of light by a sample, and in this experiment, it was measured directly by a spectrophotometer. Experimental 1. Maximum Absorbance Wavelength: For the first part of this experiment, we determined the wavelength at which a selected substance (KMnO4) would absorb best. We obtained 10ml of 0. 0040M KMnO4, and using a graduated 1. 0-ml pipette and a pipetting bulb, transferred 1. 00ml of it into a 25. 0-ml volumetric flask. We filled the flask half full with deionized water, and added 1. 0ml of 3. 0M H2SO4. After mixing the contents, we filled the flask completely with deionized water and mixed them again. After the sample solution was prepared, we calibrated a spectrophotometer using a blank solution; in this experiment, deionized water was used for the bla nk solution because H2SO4 is transparent in the visible region. For measuring the absorbance of KMnO4, first we selected a wavelength, and placed a cuvette containing blank solution, then replaced it with the other cuvette containing the prepared KMnO4 solution. The absorbance was measured at the wavelengths between 360nm and 660nm, and each time a new wavelength was selected, the spectrophotometer was recalibrated. After all the absorbance values were measured, we plotted the absorbance data versus the wavelength to determine ? max which was used for the remainder of the experiment. 2. Standard Absorbance Curve: For the second part of this experiment, we examined the effect of varying the concentration on the absorbance. Five differently concentrated KMnO4 solutions were prepared for this part. For each 25. 00ml sample, 1. 00ml, 0. 80ml, 0. 60ml, 0. 40ml, and 0. 0ml of 0. 0040M KMnO4, 1. 0ml of 3. 0M H2SO4, and deionized water were added. The concentration of each solution was calculated using the dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2. After a sample was prepared, we set the spectrophotometer to the ? max discovered in first part, calibrated using the blank, and then examined the absorbance of the sample. After all the findings were examined, we m ade a plot of the absorbance versus concentration. The molar extinction coefficient could be calculated using the Beer’s Law and the measured results. The inside diameter of the cuvette (path length) was measured with calipers. 3. Concentration of an Unknown: In the last part, we determined the concentration of unknown solution using the results (the path length and the extinction coefficient) determined in the second part. We obtained a solution of KMnO4 of unknown concentration. We followed the same procedure as for the second part to dilute the unknown solution; added KMnO4, H2SO4, and deionized water to make 25. 00ml sample, and calibrated the instrument with the blank solution at the ? max, and then measured the absorbance. The concentration of the unknown before it was diluted could be determined using the dilution equation in a reverse way. Results Discussion 1. Maximum Absorbance Wavelength: In part 1, we determined the sample’s absorbance spectrum to find the wavelength (? max) at which KMnO4 absorbs best. The absorbance data measured in this part is shown in Table 1, and Figure 1 is the absorbance spectrum constructed by plotting A vs ?. Table 1: Data for Maximum Absorbance Wavelength Wavelength360380400420440460480500 Absorbance0. 1450. 0770. 0210. 0080. 0170. 0510. 1320. 253 Wavelength520540560580600620640660 Absorbance0. 3620. 3600. 2460. 1130. 0400. 0300. 0220. 018 Figure 1: Absorbance Spectrum of KMnO4 According to the graph, ? max of KMnO4 is about 530nm, and it means that at the wavelength 530nm, KMnO4 absorbs light best. 2. Standard Absorbance Curve: In part 2, we examined the effect of varying the concentration on the absorbance. We prepared five differently concentrated solutions (the higher concentrated solution appeared darker pink-violet), and using dilution equation, the concentrations were calculated. Figure 2: Color of permanganate in different concentrated solution The calculated concentration and the measured absorbance of each solution are summarized in Table 2. Table 2: Data for Standard Absorbance Curve Volume (ml)Concentration (M)Absorbance 1. 001. 6 x 10-40. 320 0. 801. 3 x 10-40. 252 0. 609. 6 x 10-50. 185 0. 406. 4 x 10-50. 122 0. 203. 2 x 10-50. 057 As shown in Table 2, when concentration decreased, the absorbance value also decreased. A plot of the absorbance verses concentration (Figure 4) resulted a straight line, and according to the equation (3), the Beer’s Law, we knew that the slope(2036. 563) of the line equals ? l. The path length(l) of the cuvette was measured to be 1. 18cm, and the extinction coefficient(? ) at 530nm was calculated to be 1. x 103; The molar extinction coefficient varies with the wavelength of light used in the measurement. Figure 3: A plot of Absorbance vs. Concentration 3. Concentration of an Unknown: The concentration of the unknown (#15) solution was calculated using Beer’s Law and dilution equation. Table 3 shows the data gathered. Table 3: Data and Calculation for Unknown KMnO4 Concentrat ion TrialVol. of KMnO4 AbsorbanceCon. after dilution (M)Con. before dilution (M) 11. 0 ml0. 2511. 3 x 10-43. 3 x 10-3 20. 8 ml0. 2121. 1 x 10-43. 4 x 10-3 30. 6 ml0. 1557. 7 x 10-43. 3 x 10-3 The mean concentration before dilution was calculated to 3. x 10-3M. In part 1, the maximum wavelength of KMnO4 was found as 530nm. When MnO4- is dissolved in water, it appears pink-violet, and as shown in color wheel below, it absorbs primarily yellow-green light. (The color a substance appears to be is directly across the wheel from the color of light that substance has absorbed. ) The range of the wavelength of green-yellow light is between 495nm ~ 590nm, so the maximum wavelength measured (530nm) is reasonable. Figure 4: The Color Wheel The absorbance spectrum shows how the absorbance of light depends upon the wavelength of the light. The spectrum itself is a plot of absorbance vs. wavelength and is characterized by the wavelength (? max) at which the absorbance is the greatest. The value of ? max is important for several reasons. This wavelength is characteristic of each compound and provides information on the electronic structure of the analyte. In order to obtain the highest sensitivity and to minimize deviations from Beers Law, analytical measurements are made using light with a wavelength of ? max. In part 2, we observed that the absorbance was lower in less concentrated solution. Before the experiment was done, we expected that in lower concentrated solution, because fewer number of absorbing molecules would exist, so less light would be absorbed; the expectation was correct. As I mentioned above, the solution appears pink-violet because permanganate absorbs primarily green-yellow light. The pink-violet color was darker in higher concentrated solution as in figure 2, and it can be explained that more green-yellow light was absorbed, so the violet color appeared darker. In part 3, we measured the absorbance of diluted unknown KMnO4 solution to determine the concentration of it. I got the sample of unknown number 15. We’d already known the value of the path length and the extinction coefficient, so we could calculate the concentration using the Beer’s Law. The solution was diluted to 25ml, so, in order to determine the initial concentration of the unknown, we used the dilution equation in a reverse way. The absorbance of the unknown was similar to the absorbance of the known sample, so I expected that the concentration would be similar; the known concentration was 0. 0040M, and the unknown concentration determined to be 0. 0033M.

5 Strategies to Prepare for the ISEE and SSAT

5 Strategies to Prepare for the ISEE and SSAT If you are thinking of applying to a private school in the fall, its never too early to get started addressing items on the admissions checklist.  For example, in addition to beginning work on the application and the candidate’s and parents’ statements, the applicant can study for the ISEE or SSAT, which are the required admissions tests at most private schools for students in grades 5-12. While the scores on these tests will likely not, in and of themselves, make or break a candidate’s application, they are an important part of the application portfolio, along with the applicant’s grades, statement, and teachers’ recommendations. Check out this article for  more information about how the SSAT and ISEE are scored. Taking the test doesnt have to be a nightmare, and doesnt require expensive tutoring or prep sessions. Check out these simple ways in which you can best prepare for the ISEE or SSAT and for the work that lies ahead in private middle and high school: Tip #1: Take Timed Practice Tests The best strategy to prepare for test day is to take practice tests- whether you are taking the ISEE or SSAT (the schools you are applying to will let you know which test they prefer)- under timed conditions. By taking these tests, you will know which areas you need to work on, and you will feel more comfortable taking the tests when it counts.  It also can help you get more accustomed to what is expected and the strategies you need to really excel, like how much a wrong answer might affect your score and what you can do about it.  Here is an article with some strategies to prepare for the tests. Tip #2: Read as Much as You Can In addition to broadening your horizons, independent reading of high-quality books is the best preparation not only for the ISEE and SSAT but also for the complicated reading and writing that most college-preparatory private schools demand. Reading builds your understanding of the nuances of difficult texts and your vocabulary. If you are unsure about where to start, begin with the 10 most commonly read books in private high schools. While it’s not necessary to have read this whole list before applying to a private high school, reading a few of these titles will expand your mind and vocabulary and acquaint you with the kind of reading- and thinking- that lie ahead of you. By the way, it’s fine to read contemporary novels, but try to tackle a few of the classics as well. These are books that have withstood the test of time because they have broad appeal and are still relevant to today’s readers. Tip #3: Build Your Vocabulary as You Read The key to building your vocabulary, which will help you on the ISEE and SSAT and with reading, is to look up unfamiliar vocabulary words as you read. Try to use common word roots, such as â€Å"geo† for â€Å"earth† or â€Å"biblio† for â€Å"book† to expand your vocabulary more quickly. If you recognize these roots in words, you will be able to define words you didn’t realize that you knew. Some people suggest taking a quick crash course in Latin to better understand most root words.   Tip #4: Work on Remembering What you Read If you find that you are unable to remember what you read, you may not be reading at the right time. Try to avoid reading when you are tired or distracted. Avoid dimly lit or loud areas when trying to read. Try to pick the right time to read- when your concentration is at a maximum point- and try to mark up your text. Use a post-it note or highlighter to mark key passages, moments in the plot, or characters. Some students will also find it helpful to take notes on what theyve read, so they can go back and refer to key points later on.   Here are more tips about how to improve your recall of what you read. Tip #5: Don’t Save Your Studying until the Last Minute Its important to note that studying shouldnt be a once and done thing when it comes to preparing for your test. Get to know the sections of the test well in advance, and practice. Take online practice tests, write essays regularly, and find out where you need the most help. Waiting until the week before the ISEE or SSAT test date isnt going to give you any sort of benefit when it comes to excelling. Remember, if you wait until the last minute, you won’t be able to discover and improve your weaker areas.   Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Extended Essay in Business and Management for the IB diploma

Extended in Business and Management for the IB diploma - Essay Example . The moÃ'•t critical iÃ'•Ã'•ue facing adidaÃ'• iÃ'• itÃ'• effort to turn around Reebok. The company bought Reebok for $3.8 billion 2006, a move criticized by many analyÃ'•tÃ'• aÃ'• being too expenÃ'•ive. The company iÃ'• working to change cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• perception Reebok from that of a diÃ'•count Ã'•hoe brand to a premium brand. AÃ'• part of theÃ'•e effortÃ'•, the company haÃ'• Ã'•witched the Reebok wholeÃ'•ale model from bulk pre-order to pay aÃ'• you go. WholeÃ'•ale cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• like Footlocker now order Reebok Ã'•hoeÃ'• aÃ'• they need them rather than ordering them in bulk. ThiÃ'• makeÃ'• it leÃ'•Ã'• likely that larger retailerÃ'• will diÃ'•count Reebok Ã'•hoeÃ'• in order to clear their inventorieÃ'•. AdidaÃ'• iÃ'•, at itÃ'• core, an international company with only 30% of itÃ'• 2007 Ã'•aleÃ'• coming from North America. Moreover, it iÃ'• rapidly expanding itÃ'• preÃ'•ence in emerging marketÃ'• like AÃ'•ia and Latin America. BecauÃ'•e it targetÃ'• the wealthieÃ'•t Ã'•egmentÃ'• of the market the company leadÃ'• itÃ'• competitorÃ'• in Ã'•aleÃ'• in Japan, Korea, India, Thailand, IndoneÃ'•ia, and New Zealand; Ã'•aleÃ'• growth in itÃ'• core emerging marketÃ'• in Latin America and AÃ'•ia have haÃ'• topped 24% in the laÃ'•t Ã'•everal yearÃ'•. By 2010, management expectÃ'• China to be itÃ'• Ã'•econd biggeÃ'•t market. (CooperÃ'• and Lybrand, 2004, 77-84) AdidaÃ'• Group generateÃ'• revenue by Ã'•elling itÃ'• productÃ'• to retail Ã'•toreÃ'• or directly to the cuÃ'•tomer via one of the brandÃ'• concept Ã'•toreÃ'•, factory outletÃ'•, conceÃ'•Ã'•ion cornerÃ'•, or online Ã'•toreÃ'•. Of thiÃ'• revenue, 46% iÃ'• from footwear, 42% from apparel, and 12% from hardware. In 2007 the company had â‚ ¬10.3 billion in revenue ($13.7 billion baÃ'•ed on the average 2007 exchange rate), which waÃ'• a 7% currency-neutral increaÃ'•e over 2006Ã'• revenueÃ'• of â‚ ¬10.084 billion ($12.557 billion). While operating margin haÃ'• dropped overall Ã'•ince 2005, thiÃ'• can be attributed to the coÃ'•tÃ'• aÃ'•Ã'•ociated with integrating Reebok, which haÃ'•

Juno Character Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juno Character Analysis - Essay Example As the film unfolds, the viewer sees that Juno is not a bad girl; she is a young woman dealing with something she is really too young to deal with, she struggles with her situation and uses humor to manage her emotions, and she makes the decision that she feels is best for everyone involved. Throughout the film, the viewer is continually reminded that, despite her pregnancy, Juno is just a teenage girl. She is young and this was not a planned or wanted pregnancy. She is dealing with a entirely new set of emotions that she is not accustomed too. In addition to dealing with the emotions related to her pregnancy, Juno was dealing with facing the feelings she had towards Paulie, the baby’s father. As Juno spends more time with Mark, the adoptive father, she gets confused over her feelings towards him, as well. Juno states the situation of her age best when talking to her father. After witnessing Mark confront Vanessa about not really wanting to have a baby, Juno is filled with emo tions she isn’t sure how to deal with. She is confused and not sure how to deal with her emotions even though she has decided to still allow Vanessa to adopt her baby. After taking a minute to herself to cry, she goes home. Her father asks her where she had been, and she responds by saying, â€Å"just out dealing with things way beyond my maturity level.† Although she is clearly using sarcasm to mask her emotions, her comment accurately reflects the situation. After making the decision to put her baby up for adoption, opposed to keeping the baby or having an abortion, Juno does not deter from this decision. Despite this, she struggles with her decision. Her initial decision to have an abortion is abandoned early. She then immediately decides to put the baby up for adoption, and then works on finding an adoptive family. Juno frequently uses sarcasm and humor to get through emotionally difficult situations. When Vanessa questions her determination to put her baby up for adoption, Juno responds by saying, â€Å"If I could just have the thing and give it to you now I totally would.† If taken out of the context of the movie, this comment would sound cold and uncaring, but it is simply Juno’s way of expressing her determination while maintaining emotional distance. She struggles with the idea of giving the baby up for adoption, but she maintains her humor to stay focused. She also uses her humor to draw attention to her situation. She jokes about the fact she is sixteen and pregnant in an effort to divert negative attention for the same reason. During one of her interactions with Vanessa, Vanessa questions her regarding whether or not her parents know where she is. She responds to Vanessa’s questioning by saying, â€Å"I’m already pregnant so what other shenanigans could I get into?† This breaks the tension by exposing the elephant in the room. Juno makes the decision that she feels is best for everyone involved; this includes her, Paulie, Vanessa, and the baby. Juno recognizes immediately that her and Paulie are not equipped to give the baby a good life. In addition to this inability, she recognizes that fact that neither of them wants to stop being teenagers and start being parents. Forcing themselves to take on a role that neither of t